Samuel Edward Warren

A Manual of Drafting Instruments and Operations Samuel Edward Warren

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1865 Excerpt: ...in Figs. 6 and 8 of PI. III. 158. The timbers thus far shown have the appearance of heartwood, or of boards whose widths are whole chords of a log. On a board, which is but a small outside portion of the widest section of the log, the knot-marks would be mostly omitted and the longitudinal marks only would be made. 159. The graining of ends of timbers is shown in PI. III. Fig. 10; a is the end of a square timber, and is grained in concentric rings, representing the growth of the tree; and ragged radhl marks, diminishing outwards, which represent cracks. The rings of a moderate-sized end, as b, may have an imaginary centre somewhere outside of the timber; and the end of a plank, c, may be grained in straight lines. 160. If a timber be cut lengthways, and if it be desirable to distinguish the cut surface from the body of the timber, it may be done in a line-drawing, by drawing fine parallel lines, as in PI. III. Fig. 11; and in a tinted drawing, by omitting the graining and retaining only the tint, as in the right-hand part of PI. ELI. Fig. 9, or by substituting parallel longitudinal lines for the ordinary graining. 161. In representing timbers on a very large scale, as shown in PI. III. Fig. 12, which is supposed to form part of a tinted drawing, the graining marks and shading may be made by a brush with tolerably dark burnt sienna, mixed with a little ink, and then the whole may be tinted with clear light burnt sienna. PI. III. Fig. 13, is supposed to form part of a drawing which is shaded with some of the grays or neutral tints already described. Here the natural grain, which may be considered as somewhat effaced by weather staining, is executed wholly with a moist brush, and the timber is then tinted over with some neutral tint. 162. The manner of grainin...